Antimicrobial resistance surveillance relies largy on analyzing bacterial isolates submitted to the laboratory. This is driven by the efforts of the World Health Organization through its suveillance system GLASS. Given the absence of clinical information, and the high-risk of bias in submitting these specimens, the data do not provide an adequate picture on the prevalence of AMR in given settings. There is an urgent need to supplement this surveillance with appropriate ppualtion-bsed estimates