Middle Aged

Incidence and Predictors of Mortality and the Effect of Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Cohort of TB/HIV Patients Commencing Antiretroviral Therapy

BACKGROUND:: Tuberculosis-HIV (TB-HIV) coinfection remains an important cause of mortality in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. In a cohort of TB-HIV-coinfected patients starting ART, we examined the incidence and predictors of early mortality. …

Health-seeking norms for tuberculosis symptoms in southern Angola: implications for behaviour change communications

SETTING A passive case-finding strategy as present in the DOTS strategy presupposes a patient's willingness to seek care. This requires awareness of tuberculosis (TB) symptoms and the diagnostic process, and positive attitudes towards access and …

National anti-tuberculosis drug resistance study in Tanzania

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in a national representative sample of tuberculosis (TB) patients in Tanzania according to recommended methodology. DESIGN: Cluster survey, with 40 clusters sampled proportional …

Projection of the number of patients with tuberculosis in the Netherlands in 2030

BACKGROUND: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in The Netherlands has been declining for many years. For the purpose of planning future TB-control activities we estimated the number of TB patients in The Netherlands up to 2030. METHODS: Statistical …

Patient-centred tuberculosis treatment delivery under programmatic conditions in Tanzania: a cohort study

BACKGROUND: Directly observed therapy (DOT) remains the cornerstone of the global tuberculosis (TB) control strategy. Tanzania, one of the 22 high-burden countries regarding TB, changed the first-line treatment regimen to contain …

Tuberculosis prevalence surveys: rationale and cost

This article is the first of the educational series 'Assessing tuberculosis (TB) prevalence through population-based surveys'. The series will give overall guidance in conducting cross-sectional surveys of pulmonary TB (PTB) disease. TB prevalence …

Are adverse events of nevirapine and efavirenz related to plasma concentrations?

OBJECTIVE: The relationships between adverse events (AEs) and plasma concentrations of nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV) were investigated as part of the large, international, randomized 2NN study. METHODS: Treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected patients …

Nevirapine and efavirenz pharmacokinetics and covariate analysis in the 2NN study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this 2NN pharmacokinetic substudy was to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of nevirapine and efavirenz. METHODS: Treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected patients received nevirapine (once or twice daily), efavirenz or a …

Nevirapine and efavirenz elicit different changes in lipid profiles in antiretroviral-therapy-naive patients infected with HIV-1

BACKGROUND: Patients infected with HIV-1 initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) show presumably fewer atherogenic lipid changes than those initiating most ARTs containing a protease …

Highly active antiretroviral therapy with or without mycophenolate mofetil in treatment-naive HIV-1 patients

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on the decay rate of plasma HIV-1 RNA and the latently infected cellular reservoir in treatment-naive patients starting antiretroviral therapy. DESIGN:: Randomized trial. METHODS: A group …